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In an active sentence we can see who or what does the action of the verb eg.

The cat chased the mouse.

The subject - cat - does the action - chase. The mouse is the object of the sentence, the 'receiver' of the action chase.

In a passive sentence the object is at the beginning of the sentence in the subject position.

The mouse was chased.

If you want to say who or what chased the mouse then you use 'by'.

The mouse was chased by the cat. ('the cat' is called the agent)

Passive is used when it is not important who or what does the action eg

The Mona Lisa was painted in the 16th century.

The form of a passive verb phrase is be + past participleeg

was chased, was being chased, is chased, etc

Some more examples:

Active - We keep the sugar in the cupboard.

Passive - The sugar is kept in the cupboard. (by us)

Active - The police brought the child home.

Passive - The child was brought home. (by the police)

Active - The council is building a new library.

Passive - A new library is being built.

Active - My parents were discussing my behaviour.

Passive - My behaviour was being discussed.

Active - The students have invited us to a dance.

Passive - We have been invited to a dance. (by the students)

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12y ago

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