The standard size for lumber used in construction projects is typically 2 inches thick by 4 inches wide, with varying lengths depending on the specific needs of the project.
The standard door header size for residential construction projects is typically 2x6 inches.
The standard size for sheetrock in most residential construction projects is 4 feet by 8 feet.
The standard size of drywall commonly used for residential construction projects is 4 feet by 8 feet.
The standard size of a 2x4 wood board used in construction projects is actually 1.5 inches by 3.5 inches.
The recommended ceiling joist size for a standard residential construction project is typically 2x6 or 2x8 lumber, depending on the span and load requirements of the ceiling.
The standard framing screw size for securing wooden frames in construction projects is typically 3 inches in length and 10 gauge in thickness.
The standard size for a window buck in residential construction is typically 3.5 inches wide and 3.5 inches deep.
A standard 2x4 board measures 1.5 inches by 3.5 inches in dimension. It is commonly used in construction projects as framing material for walls, floors, and ceilings. Its size and strength make it versatile for various structural and non-structural applications, such as building frames, shelves, and furniture.
A 2 x 4 is the most common size stud. Some people will use 2 x 6 lumber to increase insulation values or when your walls get over 10" in height.
It is not a standard finished commodity lumber size. Most likely the member you are looking at is a 2x8, which measures 1-1/2" x 7-1/4".
In 1803, there was no standard size or standard construction. Both wide and very narrow tracks were in use, and most were made of wood with metal plates or reinforcement. So their size, by weight, had no standard as well.
Generally I leave construction projects of that magnitude up to God.