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Mostly to stop unchecked population growth. After the PRC was formed, China was still one of the most populous countries in the world despite the ravages of war and famine. Most of China population at that time were farmers and parents produced many children (>3 in most of the cases) in hope of producing more human labour. This, if allowed to continue, would cause the already large population to mushroom to a size that would be impossible to maintain with the limited resources in China, leading to an eventual famine that would cause massive deaths and seriously impede any meaningful economic development. The government decided to implement the one-child policy to strictly control population growth by limiting the number of children to one per family (two in rural families if the first is a girl). This approach, though fraught with civil rights violations, have produced noticable results in reducing the population growth rate.

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16y ago

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