Who does the Bank of England owe money to?

Answer 1

The Bank of England, like other central banks, primarily owes money to the holders of its issued debt, such as government bonds known as gilts. This includes both domestic and foreign investors, as well as institutions like pension funds and insurance companies. Additionally, it also owes money to commercial banks and other financial institutions that hold reserves at the central bank. Overall, its liabilities are largely a reflection of its monetary policy operations and the broader financial system.