Rather than re-invent the wheel, here's some answers to your question:
http://www.budsas.org/ebud/ebdha126.htm
http://www.budsas.org/ebud/ebdha064.htm
But the best I can think of is the introduction to the Jataka:
"Behold ye now this monk austere,
His matted locks, his penance fierce!
Lo! he, unnumbered cycles hence,
A Buddha in the world shall be.
http://sacred-texts.com/bud/bits/bits001.htm
Theravada
theravada is: - Is a monastery - Buddha is not worshipped - Doesn't have the reciting of Amitabha - No bodhisattva pureland: - Chanting 'Namu amida Butsa' meaning I take refuge in Amida Buddha / I bow to Amida Buddha - Do not attain nirvana in present day - Great faith
Theravada is closest to the original teachinsg of the buddha and uses the Pali language, which is closest to the language the Buddha spoke. Mahayana came several centuries or so later, and places the bodhisattva vow to deliver all sentient beings to enlightenment before oneself gains enligtenment. In theravada ones own enligtenment is the primary focus. Both emphasise compassion for and the universal suffering of all beings however.
This is too complex to answer in full here, but please refer to this excellent website which has a detailed discussion of the schools and lineages:http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/history/schools.htmThe three branches of Buddhism are Mahayana Buddhism, Vajrayana Buddhism, and Theravada Buddhism.
Bodhisattva is a term in Buddhism that means "great wise being" or "great wise angel".
Bodhisattva Superstar - 2010 was released on: USA: June 2010
Mahayana Buddhism and Theravada Buddhism are two major branches of Buddhism that differ in their beliefs and practices. Theravada, often seen as the more conservative tradition, emphasizes individual enlightenment through meditation and adherence to the original teachings of the Buddha, focusing on the Arhat as the ideal practitioner. In contrast, Mahayana Buddhism introduces concepts like the Bodhisattva, who delays enlightenment to help others achieve it, and incorporates a broader range of texts and practices. While both share core Buddhist principles, Mahayana tends to be more inclusive and adaptable, appealing to a wider audience.
"Bodhisattva" is a term from Mahayana Buddhism referring to a being on the path to enlightenment who seeks to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. The term "bodhisattva" can also be spelled as "bodhisattva."
They split into the Mahayana and Theravada. Theravada is called the Teachings of the Elders and is predominant in South East Asia (Burma, Thailand, etc). It is somewhat closer to basics of what the Buddha taught and is more concerned with personnel liberation. Mahayana is predominate in China, Tibet, Japan. In its teachings it includes discourses and analysis from later Buddhists. It too is primarily concerned with personnel liberation but also includes the importance of helping other sentient beings to reach liberation.
The national religion of Thailand is Theravada Buddhism.
The primary doctrinal belief that separates them is the Mahayana idea of Sunyata. Sunyata tells us that, essentially, nothing exists; a piece of paper is the tree that it came from, not a piece of paper; the tree is not a tree but the sun, the soil and the rain etc. Another major difference is the Theravada idea of Arhats and the Mahayana idea of Bodhisattva: Arhats being men who have achieved nirvana and will go on to achieve parinirvana; Bodhisattva are men or women who have reached enlightenment but upon death maintain their consciousness in Samsara until all other sentient beings have also reached nirvana. Other things that separate Mahayana from Theravada: different precepts for monastics, a different Vinaya, Female Monastics (can be monks or nuns, nuns 'died' out in Theravada), Skillful speech (lying is okay for the right reasons) and different interpretation of the precepts: some Mahayana believe it is okay to like eat meat if they didn't kill it.
Yes, there is a corollary to the Bodhisattas in the Mahayana tradition in Theravada.