How do Sponges react to acts from predators and pathogens?

Answer 1

Sponges primarily rely on their ability to filter water to capture food and remove waste, but they have developed several defense mechanisms against predators and pathogens. When threatened, sponges can produce toxic chemicals or release bioactive compounds to deter predators. Additionally, some sponges can rapidly close their pores to restrict water flow and limit exposure to harmful organisms. They also utilize a form of cellular response, such as the activation of immune-related cells, to combat pathogens.