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When bees visit flowers they suck nectar from the nectaries. They swallow it and store it in the honey crop. This is not part of the digestive system and no digestion takes place. As the bee swallows the nectar she (all worker bees are female) adds enzymes from glands opening into the mouth and these start breaking down the complex sugar molecules into simple sugars. For example, sucrose is broken down into glucose and fructose.

When the bee returns to the hive she regurgitates the nectar and passes it to one or more of the hive bees who will add more enzymes. The nectar may be passed from bee to bee several times before it is finally deposited into a honeycomb cell. The enzymes also combine with sugars to produce compounds which give honey its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.

When first put in the cells, the nectar contains 80% to 90% water and if left like this would soon start to ferment. To prevent this the bees fan the cells with their wings and this air movement, together with the heat in the hive, evaporates the water. When it gets down to about 18% water the bees decide it is ready and cover the cell with a cap of wax. That is honey.

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9y ago

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