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Tiny marine animals, such as phytoplankton and zooplankton, utilize carbon primarily through the process of photosynthesis and respiration. Phytoplankton absorb carbon dioxide from the water to produce organic matter and oxygen, forming the foundation of the marine food web. Zooplankton consume phytoplankton and incorporate the carbon into their biomass, which can then be transferred up the food chain. Additionally, when these organisms die, their carbon-rich remains can sink to the ocean floor, contributing to long-term carbon storage in marine sediments.

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