The Concordat of Worms, established in 1122, was primarily an effect of the power struggles between popes and rulers, particularly the conflict over investiture. This agreement resolved the Investiture Controversy by distinguishing the spiritual authority of the pope from the secular authority of the emperor, thereby limiting the power of secular rulers in appointing church officials. It represented a compromise after years of conflict, highlighting the ongoing struggle for power and influence between the papacy and monarchy.
1075-Lay investiture banned; 1077-Henry IV's journey to Canossa; 1122-The Concordat at Worms compromise on lay investiture; 1176-Battle of Legnano. All were power struggles because the duties and privileges of Church and state were changing during this time.
The lay investure or the practice whereby political rulers appointed many high church officials, such as bishops.
The Treaty called the Concordat of Worms (1122) gave the church sole power to appoint bishops and abbots in the Holy Roman Empire. It resolved the Investiture Controversy, a power struggle between the papacy and secular rulers over the appointment of church officials.
During the period of 1343-1400, various rulers were in power around the world. Some notable rulers during this time include King Edward III and Richard II of England, Emperor Go-Kameyama of Japan, and Tamerlane in Central Asia. It was a period marked by significant political events and power struggles in different regions.
European rulers between 800 and 1500 turned to knights to fight their battles for them. Modern armies emerged after 1500.
Lewis and Clark
Five Kings.
During the Crusades, the relationship between the rulers of Europe and the Catholic Church was complex and often symbiotic. European monarchs sought the Church's endorsement to legitimize their campaigns and rally support from their subjects, while the Church aimed to unify Christendom against a common enemy, promoting religious fervor and territorial expansion. However, tensions could arise, as rulers sometimes prioritized their own political ambitions over the Church's directives, leading to power struggles and conflicts of interest. Overall, the Crusades marked a significant collaboration, albeit fraught with underlying rivalries.
It was quite common in the Biblical period for rulers to have numerous wives. Most of these marriages were made as memorializations of treaties between rulers.
Aurangzeb & Dara Shikoh
How about: 5.25, 5.50 and 5.75
How about: 4.25, 4.50 and 4.75