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Grasshoppers have three pairs of jointed legs. The first two pairs of smaller legs are used for walking and climbing while the third pair of hind legs are adapted for jumping.

The movement at the joints are produced by the contraction of the antagonistic muscles which are the flexor and the extensor muscles. Grasshoppers have both extensor muscles and flexor muscles inside their femur to extend and flex their tibia.

So when the grasshopper jumps, the flexor muscles contracts, bringing the hind legs to the 'Z' position (in which the hind legs are folded and appeared like the letter 'Z'). The extensor muscles will then contract while the flexor muscles relax (producing a powerful force to push against the ground) and thus, propels the grasshopper into the air. This mechanism is called jumping.

Adapted from my Bio reference book;

Nexus Vista SPM Biology :)

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