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In earthworms, the reproductive process involves several key organs. The clitellum, a thickened glandular section of the body, secretes a mucus cocoon that holds fertilized eggs. Earthworms have both male and female reproductive organs; they possess testes that produce sperm and ovaries that produce eggs. During copulation, they exchange sperm with another worm, which is later used to fertilize their own eggs within the cocoon formed by the clitellum.

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