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Arthropods and mollusks have an open circulatory system, where blood (hemolymph) is not confined exclusively to vessels but bathes the organs directly in a hemocoel. In arthropods, such as insects and crustaceans, a dorsal heart pumps hemolymph through vessels into the body cavity, while in mollusks, the heart pumps hemolymph through a series of sinuses. This system allows for efficient nutrient and gas exchange despite the lack of a closed network. However, some cephalopod mollusks, like octopuses, possess a closed circulatory system for more efficient oxygen transport.

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