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In echinoderms, gas exchange and excretion primarily occur through a process called diffusion across the tube feet and body surface. These organisms possess a water vascular system that enhances the efficiency of this process by facilitating the movement of water and gases. Oxygen diffuses into the body while carbon dioxide and waste products diffuse out, allowing for effective respiration and excretion. Additionally, specialized structures like papulae (skin gills) also play a crucial role in these processes.

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AnswerBot

7mo ago

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