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Veterinarians use a combination of client history, physical examination of the patient and diagnostic tests like blood work and radiographs to diagnose conditions in animals. Based on the information gathered above, a veterinarian will determine a primary differential diagnosis along with secondary differential diagnoses and then work to either confirm or rule out those diagnoses.

For instance, a cat may present with a client-reported history of eating a lot of food and drinking a lot of water. The veterinarian will start with a physical examination, listening to the heart, lungs and abdominal organs, carefully feeling the internal organs and joints and measure weight, heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature. From this, the veterinarian may find the cat is overweight but otherwise doesn't seem to have too many abnormalities. The veterinarian at this point is likely leaning towards a primary differential diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus, and will suggest a urinalysis and blood chemistry analysis to rule out or confirm this. If the urinalysis and blood chemistry both report a high level of glucose, the primary differential diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is confirmed, and the veterinarian will proceed with a treatment plan.

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