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Showing that the scalar product between all pairs of them is equally zero.

Two vector are orthogonal (or perpendicular) if the scalar product between them is zero. Lets see an example in 2D:

If we have two vector, a = (a1, a2) and b = (b1,b2), if

a · b = sqrt(a1*b1 + a2*b2) = 0

then a and b are orthogonal.

To do the same with three vector (a, b, c) you have to show that all the combinations give zero, i.e.,

a · b = a · c = b · c= 0

(as the scalar product is commutative, you only need to probe this three cases).

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15y ago

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