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The forces acting on an aircraft during landing are the same as those during any other phase of flight: thrust, drag, lift, and weight. During the approach phase, if the aircraft descends at a constant rate and speed (ie acceleration in any axis is zero) then all the forces must be balanced (thrust = drag, lift = weight).
During the flare (the instant the airplane is pulled up slightly, usually about 2 to 5 feet above the runway) the angle of attack is increased. This in turn causes an increase in lift and drag. Since no power is added (thrust is still constant) the airplane will slow down. The decreasing airspeed will cause the lift to decrease.
This transition and changes in force balance happen simultaneously and (in a good landing) smoothly. The increase in lift is just enough to slow the rate of descent (from perhaps 500 ft/min from the approach phase to 50 to 100 ft/min during flare). This leads to a soft touch down at a decreasing airspeed.
If the airplane comes in too fast, the pull up during the flare will cause much more lift than needed for a good flare causing the airplane to stop descending and actually gain altitude (ie aka "ballooning"). If the airplane is coming in too slow the pull up will result in some lift, but the reduction in airspeed from an already slow airplane could lead to a partial or full stall. This happens due to an excessive angle of attack (pulling up at low airspeeds causes this). As the airplane stalls it will rapidly loose lift, resulting in a hard (potentially dangerous) landing.
What else can I help you with?
Why an aeroplane needs a wheel?
For taking off and landing.
What forces act on aeroplane when taking off?
The weight of the aeroplane and its cargo, friction where the plane's wheels meet the runway, the lift provided by the motion of the air around the aerofoil shape of the wings, aerodynamic drag,
Why is landing gear called landing gear?
Attached to a gear are many tires. The tires are used the land the aeroplane. That is why it is called landing gear.
What function do the wing play when an aeroplane is landing?
The wings give the aircraft 'lift' especially when it is at a slower speed such as landing
What is the landing speed of light aeroplane?
Landing speeds of all aircaft differ. Most light aircraft will land around 45-60 mph.
What do you know about the magnitude of the force acting on the space shuttle during landing?
During landing, the space shuttle experiences significant forces due to its high speed and the need to decelerate rapidly. The aerodynamic drag and lift forces act on the shuttle, while the landing gear absorbs the impact forces upon touchdown, which can exceed several times the shuttle's weight. The shuttle's descent is carefully controlled to manage these forces, ensuring a safe landing. Overall, the forces involved are substantial, requiring precise engineering and piloting to handle effectively.
What are the forces acting on landing gear during landing?
vertical loads, longitudinal loads and vertical loads
What is the Landing and takeoff speed of airplane?
This depends on the type of aeroplane. In the case of a VTOL jet the speed is actually zero.
Are forces balanced or unbalanced in a standing aeroplane?
Forces are balanced in a standing aeroplane. The force of gravity acting downward is counteracted by the normal force exerted by the ground, resulting in equilibrium. This allows the plane to remain stationary on the ground.
What happens when you are in the airplane and the clouds are ever so low?
When you are in aeroplane and the clouds are very low, the pilot might make an emergency landing.
Can an aeroplane land on water?
yes, planes can land on water but only if a crash landing is neede in a city with a big river or in the middle of the ocean
The United Nations forces made an amphibious landing at?
United Nations forces made an amphibious landing at Inchon, South Korea during the Korean War. United States forces made an amphibious landing near Rome, Italy and the beaches at Normandy during World War II.
