The effect of gravity on a person in an elevator is exactly the same as it is anywhere
else. The person and the Earth are attracted toward each other by equal forces whose
strength depends on the product of their masses and the distance between their centers.
The person feels heavier when he starts a trip going up or finishes one going down, and
he feels lighter when he starts a trip going down or finishes one going up. But that's the
effect of the elevator, not the effect of gravity.
Gravity does work on the elevator when it moves up or down, but the amount of work done depends on the distance the elevator travels and the weight of the elevator and its occupants.
When a coin is tossed in a moving elevator, its trajectory will be affected by both the acceleration of the elevator and gravity. If the elevator is moving upward, the coin will appear to fall back slightly behind the person who threw it. If the elevator is moving downward, the coin will land slightly ahead of the person who threw it.
When the elevator is still the force of gravity due to your weight pressing downwards on the floor is equalled exactly by the floor pushing you upwards with the same force. When the elevator rises you feel a little heavier, and the elevator is pushing upwards with the same increased force. When the elevator descends you feel that you lose a little weight, and the floor pushes up at you with the equally reduced force, so you descend.
The tension can be greater than gravity when the elevator is accelerating downwards, causing a net force that exceeds the force of gravity acting on the elevator. This creates a situation where the tension in the elevator cable is greater than the force of gravity, allowing the elevator to move downwards.
No, the person inside the elevator will not float. Objects in freefall experience weightlessness, but the person will still accelerate downward due to gravity. The experience will feel like weightlessness, but they are still subject to gravity's pull.
Newton
Issac Newton
gravity
The earth's gravity causes objects on earth (you) to accelerate toward earth's center at approximately 9.8 m/s2, when an elevator accelerates toward the earth's center (down) some of the force that you feel from gravity (weight) is negated. This results in a feeling of weightlessness.
weight
In a falling elevator, both the elevator and the object inside are accelerating downwards at the same rate under gravity. This creates the sensation of weightlessness, as the object is not experiencing any resistance or contact force from the elevator floor. However, gravity is still acting on the object, causing it to accelerate downwards at the same rate as the elevator.
In an elevator free body diagram, the key components are the elevator itself, the tension in the supporting cable, the force of gravity acting on the elevator and its occupants, and the normal force exerted by the floor of the elevator. The forces involved include the tension in the cable, the force of gravity pulling the elevator down, and the normal force pushing the elevator and its occupants up.