Treason
Treason is the only crime defined in the Constitution.The US Constitution, in Article I, Section 5 mentions treason and "breach of the peace."Section 8 mentions "counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States" and "piracies and felonies committed on the high seas."Article II, Section 4 mentions treason and bribery.Article III, Section 3 defines treason against the United States as "only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort."
Section 187 of the California Penal Code defines the crime of murder.
The only crime specifically mentioned in the Constitution is "treason". The Constitution is suitably vague on other crimes, merely referring to the possibility of "high crimes and misdemeanors". This allows some flexibility for interpretation - which is exactly what the writers intended.
The only individual crime for which the Constitution lays out specific criteria is Treason."Section 3. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. The Congress shall have power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attained."
Article III of the Constitution of the United States of America outlines the powers of the Judiciary. It covers Judicial Authority, Scope of Judicial Authority and Treason.
The constitution does not really define what a high crime is, however scholars agree that bribery, perjury and treason all constitute a high crime.
Article I, Section 9, Clause 3 of the Constitution prohibts Congress from passing ex post facto laws. Bear in mind this applies to the Federal level only. States are also generally prohibited from passing such laws as well but these prohibitions would be found in state constitutions or statutes.
Felony is a U.S. Constitution word. "A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime." Article IV, Section 2 - State citizens, Extradition
It depends on the legislation of the country. In the US advocating the overthrow of the government is not treason as defined by Article III of the Constitution. It is a crime under U.S. Code Title 18, section 2385
The statute (law) making the particular act a crime.
Article Four deals with relationship of states, full faith and credit clause, privileges and immunities clause and extradition
Being returned to the state where a crime was committed is "extradition" .