Traffic laws vary of course.
In places where there is a solid yellow light, indicating that it will soon be red meaning stop, generally you can enter the intersection while it is yellow.
The core idea is, "stop if safe to do so." If you could have stopped, but instead accelerate to make it through while still yellow, one might argue that you violated the idea, and in some areas this is against the law.
Also, in some areas (such as Oregon) where you should stop at yellow unless it's unsafe, you are expected to drive through the intersection "cautiously."
Yes, you can proceed through an intersection when the traffic light turns yellow, but you should do so with caution and be prepared to stop if it is safe to do so.
It is generally not illegal to accelerate through a yellow traffic light as long as you are able to safely make it through the intersection before the light turns red. However, you should always exercise caution and be prepared to stop if the light changes.
By "amber" I assume you mean yellow. A yellow traffic light indicates that your "right of way" is ending within the next couple seconds. When the light turns yellow you shouldn't enter the intersection if you haven't already, unless you've reached "The point of no return". It's not illegal to go through the intersection while the traffic light is yellow, but if you can stop you should, if you can't stop then go through the intersection (determined by your own judgement). A yellow light is basically a warning of a red light coming, where it is illegal to proceed through the intersection. The duration of a yellow light depends on the road the traffic light is governing. For a side road the traffic light may only show a yellow for around 3 seconds, for a major road such as a state road or US Highway, the traffic light may show a yellow for 4-6 seconds. These timings all depend on the road that the traffic light is governing and what the speed limit is for that road.
When approaching a yellow traffic light, you should slow down and prepare to stop if it is safe to do so. If you are unable to stop safely, proceed through the intersection with caution.
A flashing yellow light means you should drive with caution when approaching and moving through the intersection.
When the traffic light turns yellow as you enter the intersection, you should stop if it is safe to do so. If you cannot stop safely, proceed through the intersection with caution.
Yellow light
Running a yellow light may result in a traffic violation, as it is typically considered illegal to enter an intersection when the light is yellow.
A steady yellow traffic light indicates that the traffic signal is about to change to red, and drivers should prepare to stop safely.
Yes, light will scatter after striking a yellow traffic light. The yellow color of the light is due to selective absorption and scattering of certain wavelengths, causing only yellow light to be reflected or transmitted while the rest is absorbed.
When approaching a solid yellow traffic light, a driver should slow down and prepare to stop if it is safe to do so. If it is not safe to stop, the driver should proceed with caution through the intersection.
No, the white line is for your front bumper. If your front bumper passes the white line on yellow, that's just going through a yellow light, which isn't illegal. You can call it a close call, but not illegal.