You can't. Different requirements and qualifications. BUT - if you had a valid NY drivers LICENSE you could simply re-apply for a FL license
Yep.
No. You'll have to start the permit process over again.
No you cant
You'd have to be a resident of VT, and you'd pretty much have to go through the process again... unrestricted drivers licenses are reciprocal and can be transferred right over - this does not hold true for learners permits.
No you can only receive a drivers license from the state in which you leaglly reside and pay taxes.
Yes. http://www.dmv.ca.gov/dl/vioptct.htm
You will have to surrender your NY license. Present your NY license to any SC DMV office and apply for a SC license. You should not have to go through any written or road test, but will have to pass an eye test.
depends which state in FL, HA, DC, NY, CO, CA its ok
Your Insurance Rates will almost always "decrease" when you obtain your permanent Drivers License, barring any accident or tickets having accumulated while you had the learners permit.
Yes. All states and US territories share their drivers license databases.
No you don't need a permit