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Yes, the Westminster System existed in the 1700s. It was somewhat different from the Westminster system of today in that the House of Lords and the King had much more power than they do today, but the general concept of a country generally ruled by Parliament did exist.

The Founding Fathers rejected the Westminster System because they believed in the separation of powers. At that point in time, there were two general political philosophies, one in which power is concentrated in a leader or organization and the other in which leaders can check each other's power and diffuse the overall strength of the government. The Founding Fathers almost unanimously wanted the latter system to prevail. They were convinced that concentrating power in one body (Parliament) and one person (King George III) bred tyranny and only with a separation of powers could rights and freedoms be preserved.

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