Yes, in most countries, you need a permit or license to legally drive a vehicle on public roads.
Yes, tourist drivers typically need an international driving permit to drive in this country.
Yes, in most places, you need a driver's permit at 18 to legally drive.
You do need a learners permit.
no
Yes, you need an international driving permit to drive in China as a foreign visitor.
You need a Class A learner's permit.
No, you cannot drive yourself to work with just a permit. You need a full driver's license to drive alone.
No, you cannot drive by yourself at 18 with just a permit. You need a full driver's license to drive alone.
You are not required to learn how to drive from your parents; any licensed driver can legally teach you to drive and can accompany you when you are driving with a learner's permit. And you can pick up the permit by yourself (if you don't have to drive to get there).
that's the purpose of a LEARNERS permit
You need someone to teach you, then you need a permit and a license.
No, a person with a permit typically cannot drive alone. They usually need to have a licensed driver with them in the car.