(in the US) In criminal trials - the defense ALWAYS makes the final closing argument before the judge and/or jury.
However, according to the rules of criminal procedure, the prosecution does retain a right (if it wishes) to make a rebuttal argument. Sometimes the prosecution choosese to exercise this right, sometimes they do not.
If the prosecution chooses to exercise the right to make a rebuttal argument there is no right to a "re-rebuttal" by the defense.
Military attorneys represented the prosecution attorneys. Judges were civil judges brought over by the US. They were not representing the US they were representing the Allied Nations. There were military and German attorneys for the German defense teams. The civilian judges came from many countries and they had military aides.
WRAL Murder Trials - 2003 Jason Young Murder Trial Defense Attorneys' Opening Statement was released on: USA: 7 June 2011
In criminal trials in the United States the government must disclose exculpatory evidence to the defense. The defendant has no corresponding duty: the defense need not disclose inculpatory evidence to the government.
It was called the Nuremburg Trials.
WRAL Murder Trials - 2003 Jason Williford Prosecution's Opening Statement was released on: USA: 16 May 2012
WRAL Murder Trials - 2003 Grant Hayes Attorneys' Charge Conference was released on: USA: 13 September 2013
In most cases the trials are held in State Circuit Courts and prosecuted by State's Attorneys.
Cardinals during the Renaissance trials would tell the prosecution/defense to call their witnesses to the stands, as well as read out the charges for (Martin Luther). They basically also acted as the jury and they decided whether they thought he was guilty/not guilty.
WRAL Murder Trials - 2003 Ryan Hare Murder Trial Prosecution Closing Arguments was released on: USA: 23 September 2010
After both sides in the case have finished presenting their casss and have 'rested,' both the prosecution and the defense (in criminal cases) or the plaintiff and the defense (in civil trials) present to the judge and/or jury what is known as their "closing argument" in which they summarize their view of the case and try to convince the judge or jury to their point-of-view.
The Nuremberg Trials are famous for the prosecution of many Nazi leaders. One can watch documentaries of this on the History channel or on sites such as Youtube.
WRAL Murder Trials - 2003 Grant Hayes Defense's Opening Statement was released on: USA: 29 August 2013