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Muslim laws, derived primarily from the Quran and Hadith, significantly influenced the governance of Islamic states by establishing a legal framework that combined religious and political authority. These laws, known as Sharia, guided various aspects of public life, including justice, social conduct, and moral behavior, often implemented through a system of courts. The caliphs and rulers were expected to uphold and enforce Sharia, ensuring that governance aligned with Islamic principles. Consequently, Muslim laws shaped both the legal system and the ethical guidelines for rulers, emphasizing accountability and justice in leadership.

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