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A digital signature can be used to confirm the identity of the sender of a message. If the digital signature corresponds to what would be expected from the users public/private key pair, then there is reasonable assurance that they are the one who sent the message. Phishing messages are pretty much incapable of creating digital signatures that would stand up to inspection - and in fact, if they did use a digital signature using keys that were lodged with a certificate authority, it would greatly facilitate tracking them down and bringing them to justice.
A digital signature or digital signature scheme is a mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital message or document. A valid digital signature gives a recipient reason to believe that the message was created by a known sender, and that it was not altered in transit. Digital signatures are commonly used for software distribution, financial transactions, and in other cases where it is important to detect forgery or tampering.

A digital signature scheme typically consists of three algorithms:

  • A key generation algorithm that selects a private key at random from a set of possible private keys. The algorithm outputs the private key and a corresponding public key.
  • A signing algorithm that, given a message and a private key, produces a signature.
  • A signature verifying algorithm that, given a message, public key and a signature, either accepts or rejects the message's claim to authenticity.

Two main properties are required. First, a signature generated from a fixed message and fixed private key should verify the authenticity of that message by using the corresponding public key. Secondly, it should be computationally infeasible to generate a valid signature for a party who does not possess the private key.


Properly implemented, digital signatures can be used for legally binding agreements and for non-repudiation - proving who sent a message if they try to deny it.

Checking the digital signature on a message can help differentiate between a legitimate message and a phishing message.

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