As I recall from my days in law school, many many years ago, Old Man Saloman was in the shoe business. Britain enacted a statute providing for the incorporation of businesses. A corporation then had to have at least seven shareholders. Old Man Salomon formed a corporation, with all seven shareholders being members of his family. The business of the corporation eventually went under, leaving considerable unpaid debts. (I think that by the time the case got to court, Old Man Salomon had kicked the bucket.) The creditors argued in court that the shareholders should be liable for the debts of the corporation, because they were all related to Old Man Salomon, and that the corporation was set up a mere sham. The court held in favour of the shareholders, Old Man Salomon's relatives. The fact that the shareholders were all related to Old Man Salomon was irrelevant in determining that the corporation legitimately existed as a separate entity, and thus the individual shareholders were not held liable for the corporation's debts.
The Court of Appeal that decided Salomon v. Salomon & Co. Ltd. in 1897 comprised three judges: Lord Justice Lindley, Lord Justice A.L. Smith, and Lord Justice Davey. The case is significant for establishing the principle of separate legal personality for corporations, affirming that a company is distinct from its shareholders.
All except two of them
In the case of Salomon v. Salomon & Co. Ltd., the House of Lords held that Mr. Broderip should not be paid on the debenture he had purchased from Mr. Salomon. The decision was unanimous among the judges, with all five Law Lords agreeing that the company was a separate legal entity and that the debenture was void. Therefore, Mr. Broderip's claim was dismissed.
9
One per case
At trial, one. On appeal, it depends on the court.
There are 12 judges total. (The title "Justice" is reserved for members of the Supreme Court.) There are 4 judges from each grand division of Tennessee. However, only three judges hear each case. The grand division in which each county is located will determine which set of judges hears a particular case. For instance, a case from Hamilton County will be heard in the Eastern Division Court of Appeals and three of the four judges from the Eastern Division will hear that appeal. Likewise, a case from Trousdale County will be heard by three of the four judges from the Middle Division.
All of them A+
9
In most appellate courts, a panel of three judges typically presides over an appeals case. However, some cases may be heard by a larger panel, such as five or seven judges, especially in significant or complex matters. The specific number can vary depending on the court and the jurisdiction.
Most cases are heard by the full Court of nine justices. However, in the even of an emergency, the Court can hear any case with a minimum of 6 judges. If a tie were to happen, the decision would side with what the lower court had decided. As in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, when 8 judges were present, ties rarely happen in this situation.
There were 12 Judges in the bible.