2 years
You have to wait eight years after filing for Chapter 7 and 4 after filing for Chapter 13.
Your husband's name is not on the deed, but is he on the loan? If yes, then it cannot be foreclosed and repossessed if the property is listed on his bankruptcy filing, and, as long as his bankruptcy payments are current. If he defaults on bankruptcy payments, then you can lose the property. If he is not on the loan, then your house can be foreclosed and repossessed.
Your question is somewhat complex, and there may be variations in the process due to laws of the state of jurisdiction for the bankruptcy filing. An excellent primer about either chapter 7 or 13 bankruptcy is "The New Bankruptcy, will it work for You?" 3rd edition by Stephen Elias, published in 2009 by Nolo; 346.078 E42N Dewey decimal. Also you might contact a paralegal or lawyer specializing in filing bankruptcy in the state of jurisdiction.
A bankruptcy has nothing to do with your ability to marry. You can marry at any time.
You don't. It's not an issue.
About 4 to 5 years
When you file a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, you have the option to keep your home and 1 vehicle. If you are able to make the last 2 payments on the car, you can keep it and not include it in the bankruptcy.
Yes, as long as the bankruptcy has been discharged, your credit score is 580+, and you earn enough income to support the additional loan.
In almost every state, bankruptcy will stay on your record for 7-10 years. This is something to consider when filing because this can have a major effect on your ability to get a house, car, etc in the future.
Bankruptcy can stay on your credit report for 10 years. For more information about debt and bankruptcy, it is best to consult with an attorney. They can provide a complete picture of the benefits and negatives of filing for bankruptcy.
Your credit score starts going up the minute the bankruptcy is filed. Debts incurred after the filing (even the day after), are exempt from the bankruptcy. If you make house and/or car payments on time, your score goes up Legally, they can hold it for up to 10 years.