1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises
2. Pay debts for common Defense and gerneral welfare
both national and state governments
In a federal system, the state and national governments share power. Some authority is exclusive to the national government and some is reserved to the states and the people, but other powers (such as the right to tax) are concurrent, or shared by both entities.
The FDA has the responsibility of monitoring drugs that can be unsafe.
It is the congress box
Congress did not lack control over the national treasury in any specific amendment. The power to control the national treasury is granted to Congress by the U.S. Constitution, specifically in Article I, Section 8, Clause 1. Congress has the authority to levy taxes, borrow money, and allocate funds for government expenses.
John Maynard Keynes
The Supreme Court case that increased national power through a broad interpretation of the Necessary and Proper Clause is McCulloch v. Maryland (1819). In this landmark decision, the Court ruled that Congress had the authority to create a national bank, affirming that implied powers could be derived from its enumerated powers. This ruling established a precedent for a more expansive interpretation of federal authority, thereby enhancing the power of the national government over the states.
Federalism empowered Congress under the Constitution by establishing a system of shared powers between the national and state governments. This framework allowed Congress to legislate on a wide range of issues that affected the entire nation, such as commerce, defense, and immigration, while also enabling states to retain authority over local matters. Additionally, the Supremacy Clause ensured that federal laws could take precedence over conflicting state laws, reinforcing Congressional authority. Overall, federalism created a balance that strengthened the legislative power of Congress within the federal system.
The authority of the federal government over the state governments was settled.
The second continental congress directed the war effort, borrowed money to finance the war, coined money, bought supplies, and made treaties with other governments
Basically that is how government operates today, although local and state governments have some independence, there is no true independence. This is good and bad, from a historical standpoint of court cases local laws are often far more oppressive than national laws but governments on a local level are much easier to manage than national ones.
Conscription is a mandatory enlistment of people into a national service, typically the military. It is often used by governments to increase their military manpower during times of war or national emergency.