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The Constitution established only one federal court, the Supreme Court. It left to Congress the job of creating the federal court system. Congress has created four types of federal courts within the Judicial Branch.

  1. District Courts. the nation is divided into 94 federal judicial districts, each with its own district court. These are the courts where cases are tried.
  2. US Court of International Trade. This replaced the Customs Court and is located in New York City. It is part of the Judicial Branch because it has broad authority over federal law.
  3. Courts of Appeals. The District Courts are divided into 12 regions, called circuits. Each circuit has its own Court of Appeals. There is also a Federal Circuit which covers the entire nation. If a person looses a case in the district court that person can appeal the case to the court of appeals.
  4. The Supreme Court. The Supreme Court is the highest of the federal courts. Cases from the court of appeals in each circuit and from the state supreme courts can be appealed to the Supreme Court.
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