Yes.
No. They are two entirely different types of law.
Both, Criminal and Civil law work to protect our rights as citizens, they cover very different aspects of society.
Yes. Divorce and family law is civil law as opposed to defense attorneys who practice criminal law. However, there are many different specialities within the practice of civil law, not only divorce.
Civil laws are actual laws on the books that you must obey or be arrested or fined. Moral norms are standards or unwritten laws society expects us to live by. Many societies expect adults not to swear in front of children, to wait their turn in line, or to flush the toilet when they're finished using it. These are just a few examples of moral norms.
They are not mutually exclusive. Federal law is either civil or criminal, just as is state law.
All business law is based in the civil law system, unless the offenders actions cross the line into a criminal activity (e.g.: Embezzlement - Fraud - etc).
I would suggest that what is meant by that is the general consensus for social norms; i.e a person deemed 'normal' would not murder others, steal from them or harm them in any way. Basically, treat others with the respect you expect yourself. deviation from these norms would result in breaking the law.
The Justinian code was actually called Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law). It codified Roman civil law. Roman civil law has provided the foundation of the civil many modern countries. It has done so by providing important principles of law. The actual laws of the time of Justinian I are not used as they applied to an ancient and very different world. The law of the US is based on common law, not civil law.
No. Misdemeanors and felonies are crimes of different severities. Civil Law can include torts, 'civil wrongs', these are lawsuits brought against someone who has 'harmed' someone else, but not illegally.
It is a source of CIVIL law, yes.
law & conscience
Civil Law