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A progressive tax means that the rich pay a higher overall tax rate than the poor. This is as opposed to a flat tax, in which the rate of taxation is the same for everyone.


Practical Example

Progressive taxation is actually pretty easy to understand if you look at an example with simple numbers. Assume that there are three "tax brackets" or rates of progressive taxation.

Assume that the first $10,000 you make is taxed at 5%
The next $10,000 you make is taxed at %10
And anything above $20,000 (the first $10,000 plus the second $10,000) is taxed at %20

If you make $5,000 per year, your tax rate is %5. You pay $250 in taxes.

If you make $15,000 per year, your tax rate is %5 on the first $10,000 and %10 on the next $5,000. As a result, you pay $500 on the first $10,000 and $500 on the next $5,000, for a total of $1,000 in taxes. That works out an effective tax rate of 6.67%. (Notice how this person makes 3 times more money than the person making $5,000, but pays 4 times as much in taxes ($1000 vs. $250))

If you make $30,000 per year, your tax rate is %5 on $10,000, %10 on $10,000, and %20 on $10,000. That's $500, $1000, and $2000, for a total of $3500. That works out to an effective tax rate of %11.67. (Notice how this person makes 6 times as much as the person making $5000, but pays 14 times as much in taxes ($3500 vs. $250))

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