amendment 14
amendment 12
amendment 12
The 14th Amendment that gives the states rights to extend provisions under the national Bill of Rights.
Amendment 14
make rights contained in the bill of rights applicable to the states.
the first amendment
The Bill of Rights was created using a formal amendment process. An informal amendment process doesn't result in actual changes to the Constitution, only to the way the Constitution is interpreted.
The freedom of religion and the right to petition the government (Novanet)!
Constitutional provisions that restrict political censorship or the suppression of scientific knowledge primarily include the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which guarantees freedoms of speech, press, and assembly. This amendment protects individuals' rights to express their views and disseminate information, including scientific findings. Additionally, the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment can be interpreted to protect intellectual freedom, ensuring that individuals are not deprived of their rights to access and share knowledge without just cause. Together, these provisions create a framework that limits governmental interference in political discourse and scientific inquiry.
State and local governments are required to comply with most provisions in the Bill of Rights due to the incorporation doctrine. This doctrine, established through Supreme Court cases, holds that the protections outlined in the Bill of Rights also apply to state and local governments through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Therefore, state and local governments cannot violate citizens' fundamental rights protected by the Bill of Rights.
The Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution states that the enumeration of specific rights in the Constitution should not be interpreted to deny or disparage other rights retained by the people. This amendment emphasizes that individuals have additional rights beyond those explicitly listed in the Constitution.
The 14th amendment requires state governments to give their citizens the same rights that the federal government does. Before the 14th amendment, the state governments had almost unlimited authority over their citizens.