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The Eleventh Amendment revoked the judiciary's authority to hear cases between a state and the citizens of another state.

The Amendment was ratified in response to the US Supreme Court case Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. 419 (1793) when a 4-1 majority of the Court declared the States lacked sovereign immunity against civil suits for unpaid Revolutionary War debt. The States rightly perceived this as a threat to their economic stability and amended the Constitution to prevent such action.

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