They have Ministrative laws
Every legislature makes laws for the citizens of its state.
The laws are created at all three levels of government- federal, state and local.
If it's a federally-guaranteed student loan, they can do administrative wage garnishment in ANY state.
How do federal, state, and local governments determine what kinds of laws each can enact
That statement means that state laws and the regulation of firearms are the same in every state. That is not a true statement. Each state has its own laws and there are broad differences in state firearm laws. There are also federal firearm laws.
That is impossible to answer as asked. Every state in the U.S. has multiple firearms laws. Most states have hundreds of laws.
The answer is yes, every state does have different laws when referring to income tax laws. It must also be noted that many states share very similar laws to each other.
Administrative laws are created by governmental agencies and bodies at both the federal and state levels. These agencies are granted the authority to create rules and regulations through enabling legislation passed by the legislature. The laws they create govern the operations of the agencies themselves and the conduct of individuals or entities subject to regulation. Administrative laws ensure compliance with policies and procedures, facilitating the implementation of broader statutory mandates.
The Administrative State was created in 1948.
Laws are different in every state, and in every country.
The full faith and credit clause of the U.S. Constitution requires every state to honor the laws and court decisions of every other state.
There are laws in EVERY state of the US governing this. Check with your local law enforcement agency for the laws of your particular state.