(1) intent to ratify and (2) knowledge of A's act
agency of ratification is agency because by ratification the principal acknowledges to take the liability of the contract since the time of the comenmence of the contract aldhough he was not aware of the contract. All the liabilities that could have been incurred by the agent are transferred to the Principal as if he was the one who entered into the contract. So long as the principal is given all the material fact, the contract remains valid even if he ratified it by means of implied terms.
An agency relationship can be established in one of the Five ways: 1- Express Agreement 2- Implied Agreement 3- Agency by Necessity 4- Agency by Ratification 5- Agency by Estoppel Agency by Ratification: Effect of ratification is to backdate A's authority to act as an agent. This requires P's to: *have contractual capacity to make the contract *have been in existence both when the contract was made and at the date of ratification *be identified when the contract is made *be aware of all the material facts *clearly signify his intention to ratify the whole contract within a reasonable time A void of illegal contract cannot be ratified. Kelner v Baxter (1866) Agency by Estoppel: *This arises where P implies that A is his agent even though he's not *He is then prevented from denying As authority Freeman & Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties Ltd (1964)
an agent secures a contract on behalf of the principle and the principle agrees to it
two
Federalists And Antifederalists Fought Over The Ratification
agency of ratification is agency because by ratification the principal acknowledges to take the liability of the contract since the time of the comenmence of the contract Although he was not aware of the contract. All the liabilities that could have been incurred by the agent are transferred to the Principal as if he was the one who entered into the contract. So long as the principal is given all the material fact, the contract remains valid even if he ratified it by means of implied terms.Read more: Agency_by_ratification_is_not_agency_at_all.Discuss
The Federalists and the Anti Federalists
Ratification by state convention has been used but one time as established by Article V of the United States Constitution. State ratification was employed for ratification of the 21st Amendment in 1933..
New Hampshire and Virginia
Virginia and Massachusetts
The Federalists, who were for the ratification of the Constitution, and the Anti-federalists, who were against the ratification.
That agency is two doors down.