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The politicians, businessmen and lawyers who created the Constitution faced complex tasks. Although the colonies saw advantages in having a federal government, they wanted to keep for themselves as much of their independence as possible. The smaller states also did not want to be dominated by the larger ones. These needs were achieved in three ways:

1. By spelling out specially what the federal powers were to be, so that everything else could remain with the states.

2. By creating an upper house, the Senate, in which each state, irrespective of its size, had the same number of members

3. by stating that the Constitution could be changed only by a referendum, in which the people would vote yes or no for the change. As smaller states were concerned that electors in Victoria and New South Wales could, by themselves, make up a majority in such a vote, it was also decided that change required the agreement of both a majority of voters and a majority of states.

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