This is a "Writ of Habeas Corpus" each court system has a different set of rules on 'how' this process is done. Either that person can do it, from forms that must be provided for them from the jail (Caveat: In the USA), or you may do it on their behalf (Ex Rel).
Sounds like you are looking for "Habeas corpus".
It is being held in Cardiff, Wales I believe
I believe it is in Miami this coming year.
Indictment
If a user illegally installs software on their home computer, they are held liable. (If a child illegally installs software on a parent's computer, the parent will most likely be held liable, depending upon the age of the child.) The exact person held liable is more sketchy when applied to a company. If the company has masterminded the illegal installation of software (i.e., they told the employees to do it), they will most likely be held liable. If an employee illegally installs software on a company computer, the installer will be held liable, but the company might also be held liable, depending on the circumstances and the degree to which the company was involved. The court sentence varies, but in the U.S. it is a maximum of 5 years in prison and/or a $250,000 fine. However, the maximum sentence is usually only used in repeated offenses and extreme first offenses.
"Held abroad" could refer to assets that are being held up in another country, a person who is being detained or is in prison in another country, or anything similar to that.
The President
The Magna Carta
It depends on why he/she is in jail in the first place. If the person is being held prior to trial, he/she will be released if he is found not guilty at trial. If the person is being held after trial, they will be released at the termination of their sentence.
executive branch
They can look at the IP address from the computer that downloaded the music.
I do believe the next winter Olympics location has yet to be annouced