department of education dept of labor department of energy
The largest subunits of the federal executive branch are called departments. The head of the departments is called the secretary.
The term for the departments and workers that make up the federal government is civilian employee. A civilian employee is any individual that works for the federal government, but is not affiliated with the military.
The cabinet
Yes, it is true that Congress can appropriate money to the federal government. This is how federal departments are funded.
Federal System
A Cabinet
If the President (representing the Executive Branch of government) signs a piece of legislation into law, the federal courts (representing the Judicial Branch of government) can find it unconstitutional - or - alter the unconstitutional aspects of it, in its application.
Bureaucracy
congress
Federal bureaucracies are comprised of national government offices, agencies and institutions from all three branches of the legislative, executive and judicial. These include congressional offices, Cabinet departments/Agencies (FBI, IRS, Health and Human Services, Veterans Affairs, etc.), and even the Courts are all part of this intricate federal bureaucracy.
The federal government did not enforce the court's decision.
Jefferson did many things to try to reduce the power of the Federal government. He tried to cut federal budget and reduce federal debt. He decreased the size of government departments. Jefferson decreased the size of the government departments and prompted laissez-faire policies in economic affairs. Then he asked Congress to repeal the whiskey tax.