The US Supreme Court established two related criteria for determining whether a defendant is competent to stand trial in Dusky v. US, 362 US 402 (1960). These guidelines can be summarized as:
In a Per Curiam decision, the Court wrote:
"[The] test must be whether he has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding - and whether he has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him."
This test was upheld as the standard in Godinez v. Moran,509 US 389 (1993)
The formal charge comes after a grand jury hears the charges and determines whether or not the person can be indicted for this offense. If they vote in favor of an indictment, that person will stand trial for the crime.
In a bench trial, the judge determines the outcome.
A preliminary hearing simply determines that there is probable cause or reason to believe that a crime has been committed and that you may have committed it so the case can proceed to trial. By waiving the preliminary hearing, you are not admitting guilt, you are only agreeing that there is enough evidence against you for you to stand trial.
Illinois
No, a Grand Jury determines whether there is probable cause, and if a prosecutor has enough evidence to bring the case to trial. A petit jury determines the guilt or innocence of a defendant.
It is determined if there is not enough suficient evidence or if the planktif asks for a jury and it is approved by the goverment. hope this helps
A trial jury hears the evidence in a trial and deliberates to consider a verdict. A grand jury determines whether there is enough evidence for a criminal trial to proceed.
Amendment 5
Jury
Grand Jury
The President
Since no jury is present during a bench trial, it is solely the judge who decides guilty or not guilty.