Federal Court
The court directly under the Supreme Court of the United States is the Courts of Appeals, also known as Circuit Courts. There are 13 appellate courts that review decisions made by federal district courts and some administrative agencies. Each circuit court serves a specific geographic area, and their rulings can be appealed to the Supreme Court.
In single integrated judiciary all courts in India function under the direction and control the supreme court of India.
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In single integrated judiciary all courts in India function under the direction and control the supreme court of India.
Twelve of the thirteen US Court of Appeals Circuit Courtshave appellate jurisdiction over cases heard in the 94 US District Courts. The Circuit Courts review decisions or other facets of cases that have been sent them on appeal.
Most of the federal courts. If you're asking about the first courts Congress created under the Judiciary Act of 1789, see Related Questions, below.
No, the Supreme Court reviews decisions of lower (inferior) courts under its appellate jurisdiction.
Yes, military courts are under federal jurisdiction. Military courts are Article II courts in the Executive Branch of government, but the US Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction over cases appealed from the US Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces.
Independence of Judiciary means that it is not under the control of the legislature or the executive. the judges do not act on the direction of the government or according to the wishes of the party in power. That is why all modern democracies have courts that are independent of the legislature and the executive.
Under Articles I and III of the Constitution, Congresshas sole authority to create federal courts. They established the US Supreme Court (mandated by the Constitution) and first federal courts in the Judiciary Act of 1789.
AnswerThe US Courts of Appeals Circuit Courts have appellate jurisdiction over cases appealed from US District Courts within their geographical territory (they hear appeals of cases tried in US District Courts).AnswerReview and rule on cases referred to them from the US District Courts under their jurisdiction.