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PFO is a heart condition that stands for Patent Foraman Ovale (also known as ASD or Atrial Septal Defect). Terms to understand the following brief description. -Atrium: Chamber within the heart that receives blood flow and expells it into the ventricles in order to be pumped out.

-Septum: wall that divides right atrium from left atrium

-Arterial blood: "Fresh" oxigenated blood that starts the circulation through the body.

-Venous blood: Poorly oxigenated blood that has already circulated and needs to pass through the lungs in order to reload. PFO is a heart malformation in which isolation of the right atrium (venous) from the left one (arterial), which are divided by the septum, is not complete. The problem with the lack of isolation is that it allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the right one . This leads to arterial blood to get mixed up with venous blood and also forces the heart. A relevant PFO could lead to heart enlargement and ultimately to heart faliure. All fetus have this lack of isolation until the fourth week of gestation. If the body doesn't manage to close it completely then diagnosis is PFO/ASD (the foramen ovale located on the septum doesn't completely close). 20-30% of adults have this condition. For more detailed info you can always check under ASD on wikipedia!

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