Depending on the jurisdiction you are in it may vary. It is usually referred to as something like "The 3-strikes rule," meaning that after the conviction of certain number of crimes you are deemed to be a habitual criminal.
No way of answering with the information supplied. It will depend entirely on the wording of the statute that defines a "habitual criminal" in your state.
They could be called a habitual criminal or a re-offender.
Habitual Criminal Link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camp_badges#Badge_coding_system
A habitual offender can be defined as someone that continues to commit the same types of crimes over and over. An example of a habitual offender could be a serial killer or someone that continues to commit a house burglary over and over.
In some so-called criminal 'Capital Cases' you must. However in lesser criminal offenses or in lesser civil cases you can choose to be 'tried before the bench' if you wish.
You have to be deemed an "habitual offender", after which certain statutes, which prescribe more severe penalties, apply.
A plea of guilty - usually to a lesser offense.
Habitual is an adjective.
Yes. There may lesser included infractions which exist in an administrative setting just as there are in a criminal prosecution setting. It is not necessary that a criminal offense be committed to have lesser included infractions.
A recidivist is someone who repeatedly engages in criminal behavior, often returning to prison multiple times. A habitual delinquent is someone who regularly engages in delinquent or criminal behavior, typically from an early age and frequently without much progression in the severity of offenses committed.
Fire related crime, which implies a criminal act, is another term for ARSON, which in most states is a felony offense. There are also lesser charges such as 'Negligent Fires' which have lesser penalties, but were ignited without apparent criminal intent.