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The legislature passes laws; the executive executes the laws (that is, acts in accordance with them) and the judiciary decides on them. The three arms of government 'check and balance' each other. For instance, if the legislature passes a law that requires X, but the executive does Y, a person can go to the judiciary (that is, court) and ask for a ruling. The judge may then decide, on arguments made by both parties, that the legislature meant X, or Z, or indeed, Y, and may rule accordingly. For instance, if the judge finds that the law does mean X and the executive has been doing Y, people disadvantaged may have grounds for damages against the executive.

This system means that the one part of govenment doesn't do all the functions of government, but they are divided by the constitution into different arms which check the excesses of the others, and balance the forces of each other to protect the citizenry.

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