The process in which a court reviews the facts and evidence of a civil case to determine if there is a basis for a trial is called "summary judgment." In this process, the court assesses whether there are genuine disputes over material facts that warrant a trial or if the case can be resolved based on the law without a trial. If the court finds that there are no significant factual disputes, it may grant summary judgment in favor of one party.
The idea you're referring to is known as "admissibility." In legal contexts, admissibility refers to the criteria that determine whether evidence can be presented and considered in a court trial. Evidence must be relevant, reliable, and obtained legally to be deemed admissible, and the judge often makes the final decision on its inclusion.
People who determine the cause of death are called forensic pathologists or medical examiners. They examine the body, medical history, and other evidence to determine the cause of death.
In The Crucible, Reverend Hale was called to Salem during the Witch Trials. He was there to see if he could uncover any evidence of witchcraft.
No, a grand jury cannot convene itself. It is typically called into session by a judge or a prosecuting attorney, who presents evidence and witnesses for the jury to consider. The grand jury's role is to determine whether there is enough evidence to indict a suspect and proceed to trial. Its proceedings are conducted in secret, and its members are selected from the community.
Presenting evidence to an impartial person for a binding decision is called arbitration. In this process, an arbitrator reviews the evidence and arguments from both parties and makes a decision that is typically enforceable by law. Arbitration is often used as an alternative to litigation in disputes, providing a more streamlined resolution.
It's called Xenoglossy. Professor Ian Stevenson has done some very interesting research over the years to determine whether this and other related phenomenon could be used as evidence for existence of Reincarnation.
It is called judicial review.
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The body you described is called a Grand Jury.
Answerthe judge: The judge presides over the trial from a desk, called a bend on an elevated platform. and is to determine whether any of the evidence that the parties want to use is illegal or improper.