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Voters rank the standing candidates (or parties) in the order they prefer. Those who are listed first in a particular voting form are given relative preference over the others, in the form of points e.g. for five candidates, the first listed gets four points, the second gets three, etc. all the way to fifth place getting 0.

If a particular form does not include all candidates/parties, then the points are tallied correspondingly as "number given - 1, number given - 2" etc., to 0 or as the standard points, but simply without finishing the list.

Some systems require all candidates.parties to be listed otehrwise a vote is informal and not counted, but this is a particular flaw that can be easily removed.

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