The judge's role is to determine what the law is and how the law applies to the facts of the case. The jury's job is to determine what the facts of the case are, based on the evidence presented in court.
No. All federal circuit trial courts hear both jury and bench trials.
a jury..
lower judges and less jury
Theoretically anyone can request a jury trial for any offense, but as a practical matter very minor cases are heard by only judges or magistrates. Traffic courts, or Municipal/City courts are the lowest level of court which will conduct jury trials.
Custody cases are cases that are not decided upon by a jury. Traffic court cases are also not cases decided upon by a jury.
It works at the Supreme Court
The Court of Appeals of Virginia, is an eleven-judge body that hears appeals from decisions of Virginia's circuit courts and the Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission. The Court sits in panels of at least three judges, and sometimes hears cases en banc (i.e.: ALL 11 judges). The Court of Appeals does not conduct jury trials. Appeals of the findings of the Court of Appeals go to the Supreme Court of Virginia.
(in the US) There is no comparison. The only alternative to a jury trial is a trial in front of a SINGLE judge. Panels of judges do not come into play unless/until a case reaches the Appelate level of court, and in appelate court no jury option exists.
No. In both State and Federal systems, appellate Court Judges alone render a decision on the merits of the appeal based on the evidence contained within the record of the trial court. There are no juries empaneled in an appellate courts.
Judge/Jury
Because not every court case requires a jury to reach a conclusion. Jury trials are usually reserved for criminal cases - and even then - not all cases need a jury !
a. the amount of time spent on them by judges and other court officers. b. the amount of work the prosecutor must do in preparation for the grand jury.