"Obstructing an officer" is pretty nebulous. If you're being really obstructive, you might be charged with "accessory after the fact" or something, which in some jurisdictions means that the entire range of sentencing for the crime itself, up to and including the death penalty, is on the table (US Federal law limits this to a prison term of up to 15 years for cases where the crime itself carries the death penalty).
5-10 years
Yes, up to 30 days
There is usually no penalty for moving an immovable obstruction, as long as it is done within the rules of the game or situation. However, if moving the obstruction is against the rules, it could result in a penalty or disqualification depending on the situation.
FELONY offense.
Yes, obstruction of mail is a federal offense and can be charged as a felony.
No, not automatically. It is a 5-yard penalty. If the penalty moves the ball past the line to gain, then it is a first down.
Penalties from state to state differ greatly. For a first offense DWI, chances are the sentence will be reduced to probation, a revoked license, and a fine.
A throw-in is not a penalty kick offense. It is a normal method of restarting play.
yes
Yes. Regardless of whether the penalty yards would be enough for a first down, any personal foul penalty on the defense results in an automatic first down for the offense.
ten years
No