Depends on the office. Some are two years like the House or the Senate is 6 years. The President can only serve 2 terms of 4 years each, but the Vice President can serve two terms as Vice President and then go on to become President for 2 more terms.
There were no 'representatives' in today's sense of the political term. There was a senate to which were appointed ex-consuls and ex-tribunes of the plebs after their term of office had expired.
No. The political party chooses who will run for office.
Political Machine
Good evening (as a greeting when entering/seeing someone; not leaving); Bonne soiréé is said when leaving.
James Buchanan completed his one term as U. S. President in March, 1861. He died about seven years after leaving office, in June, 1868.
Wilson's term ended in 1921, and he died in 1924.
In the political arena, a 'recall' is a vote to remove someone from their political position, or the act of being removed by a vote.
The incumbent is the current holder of a political office. This term is usually used in reference to elections, in which races can often be defined as being between an incumbent and non-incumbent
A State is said to secede [pronounced si-seed] from the Union. The term can be used for the act of leaving any federated organization, alliance, or political organzation.
A 'lame duck' refers to a political candidate in the last stages of his or her term of office after an election has taken place and a new candidate has been chosen to replace said duck.
In 2012, along with all members of the House of Representatives (leaving office Jan 2013 if not re-elected).
John Q. Adams was a Congressman after he was president and Andrew Johnson was elected to the Senate.