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In criminal cases, the District Attorney's office decides who to prosecute, and then does the prosecution. This is opposed to civil cases, in which a private citizen is suing and hires a private lawyer to represent them.

Confusion may result from the term "pressing charges," which is typically attributed to a private citizen that was harmed by a given crime. A private citizen can lodge a formal request/complaint to try someone in criminal court, but the DA's office ultimately decides whether or not to do it, and does not require any victim to press charges to do so.

The legal philosophy in the US considers any given crime to be "an attack on all of us" (paraphrasing), and therefore reserves the right to prosecute on behalf of all belonging to the jurisdiction of the crime. This is why cases are titled "[state] vs [defendant]."

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