Nearly all websites are automatically protected by copyright. The only exception off the top of my head is sites entirely developed and hosted by the US government, and even those can be protected under certain circumstances.
It is more likely to find individual elements of website content that is not protected, such as text files of public domain literature hosted by Project Gutenberg.
Websites are automatically protected by copyright unless specified otherwise.
Websites are protected by copyright, so you would need permission from the copyright holder or an exemption in the law to use someone else's web content.
No, but books and websites explaining the formats could be protected.
Given current copyright law, it's merely a courtesy; the content of the site would be protected regardless.
Because any copyrightable work is automatically protected, it can be assumed that all websites are protected by copyright unless specified otherwise. Notification is not required for protection.
Generally, yes. Website URL's are not protected by copyright law.
You will find that most material on websites is protected under copyright. The website owner should be able to tell you who the copyright owner is. You would then negotiate a price with the copyright owner to allow you to use their material.
There is no reasonable way to do this. The vast majority of websites will be protected by copyright, because the technology is so new. Exceptions would be sites created entirely by the federal government.
Yes, websites should be copyrighted. The exact design, layout, and content of a website should be protected in order to prevent any lookalikes.
No. You could copyright a drawing or photograph of the logo but the logo itself would have to be protected as a trademark.
Yes.
Individual words are not protected by copyright.